Interaction between bacterial phytochromes Agp1 and Agp2 of Agrobacterium fabrum by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and docking studies.

Phytochromes are biliprotein photoreceptors found in bacteria, fungi, and plants. The soil bacterium Agrobacterium fabrum has two phytochromes, Agp1 and Agp2, which work together to control DNA transfer to plants and bacterial conjugation. Both phytochromes interact as homodimeric proteins. For fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements, various Agp1 mutants and wild-type Agp2 were labeled with specific fluorophores to study their interaction. FRET efficiencies rose from position 122 to 545 of Agp1. The photosensory chromophore module (PCM) of Agp1 did not show a FRET signal, but the PCM of Agp2 did. Docking models suggest that Agp1 and Agp2 interact with their histidine kinase and PCM perpendicular to each, around 45 amino acids of Agp1 or Agp2 are involved.