Optimization of RNP-CRISPR for high-efficiency gene editing in mouse intestinal organoids.

Mouse intestinal organoids are ideal models for investigating intestinal development and diseases. The full potential of these models hinges on the ability to precisely engineer their genome, yet traditional methods for CRISPR-based editing in 3D cultures often surfer from low efficiency, high cytotoxicity, and inconsistent post-editing differentiation, which limits their applications. Here, we developed an electroporation approach mediated by ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-CRISPR that achieves over 90% gene editing efficiency in mouse intestinal organoids. Using this optimized method, we generated APC-knockout organoids that exhibit Wnt pathway hyperactivation, demonstrated by R-spondin1-independent growth, increased nuclear β-catenin, and enhanced proliferation. Our method addresses a critical technical gap in murine organoid research, offering a scalable platform for intestinal disease modeling.