Comprehensive analysis of tissue-derived small extracellular vesicles transcriptomic and extensively targeted lipidomics from patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND: Tissue-derived small extracellular vesicles (Ti-sEVs) are critical components of the tumor microenvironment. Nonetheless, the biological functions and potential clinical significance of Ti-sEVs lncRNAs and mRNAs in ovarian cancer have not been studied. METHODS: We collected 5 high-grade serous ovarian cancer specimen, 5 benign ovarian tumors, and 5 normal ovarian tissue specimens. Ti-sEVs were isolated, and high-throughput sequencing of lncRNA and mRNA and lipid metabolites of the three groups were performed. RT-qPCR confirmed the expression of lncRNA RMRP derived from Ti-sEVs of ovarian cancer. The prognostic value and immune cell infiltration were further analyzed. RESULTS: The lncRNAs and mRNAs profiles of Ti-sEVs in ovarian cancer patients exhibited distinct differences from those in healthy controls and benign patients. The functions of the differential lncRNAs and mRNAs were related to immune response and metabolic reprogramming. The expression of RMRP was further verified in vitro. Public database analysis found that RMRP levels were associated with the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. The study found that the expression of RMRP was positively correlated with neutrophils. CONCLUSION: These findings revealed the Ti-sEVs transcriptome and extensively targeted lipidome characteristics from ovarian cancer patients, and comprehensive analysis showed that RMRP has the potential to become a promising prognostic biomarker candidate. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-026-15698-9.