Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Restoring complex craniofacial deformities presents numerous challenges. Recent years have seen the development of new surgical techniques aimed at improving operation quality and reducing difficulty. However, designing the reduction volume for the affected region and achieving precise contouring remain difficult tasks. The use of three-dimensional (3D) solid models can provide significant assistance at all stages of the operations. This study aimed to investigate the validity of prototype 3D solid models for complex craniofacial operations. METHODS: Simulated 3D models of the patients were used. Conventional surgical instruments were employed for the planning of the operations. Patients had follow-up periods ranging from 6 to 18 months. RESULTS: Operations have been planned and performed using three-dimensional solid models. Intraoperative steps were executed as simulated during planning. No major complications were developed. All bone and soft-tissue reconstructions healed without major infection. CONCLUSION: Stereolithographic models provide: 1) a better understanding of anatomy, 2) presurgical simulation, 3) intraoperative accuracy in lesion localization, 4) accurate fabrication of implants, and 5) improved education for trainees. An accurate method for intraoperative navigation and preoperative planning is clearly useful. This technology offers a direct representation of the patient's anatomy through computer reconstruction, allowing for the efficient and precise transfer of information in complex facial restorative procedures.