Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances and improved survival, the long-term economic burden of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) remains under-recognised given evolving treatment practices and fluctuating drug costs. We aimed to estimate and project total prevalence costs for CML in Sweden from a healthcare sector perspective, representing the direct healthcare expenditures for all patients living with CML, based on real-world drug and procedure prices. We used data from the Swedish Cancer Register and the Swedish CML register to estimate and project prevalence and costs. The estimated numbers of prevalent cases were 1808 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1604-2011) in 2025 and 2120 (95% CI, 1916-2325) in 2030, driven by stable incidence and improved survival. Despite increasing prevalence, the annual total direct healthcare costs for all prevalent CML patients in Sweden decreased from USD 40.04 million (95% CI, 33.70-46.40) in 2015 to USD 26.04 million (95% CI, 23.13-28.97) in 2025, then projected to slightly increase to USD 30.67 million (95% CI, 27.70-33.64) in 2030. While CML prevalence proportions are expected to increase, declining treatment costs may mitigate the burden on the Swedish healthcare system. These population-based projections can inform long-term planning and pricing strategies for CML care.