Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC? Melioidosis, a tropical infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (BP) infection, is endemic in the southern coastal provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) of China. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT? Three melioidosis cases, including two in young children and one in a 19-year-old female, were reported in Anhui and Jiangxi (two inland PLADs of China) respectively, in 2021. None of the patients had a travel history to a melioidosis-endemic area. All the BP isolates belonged to the same sequence type (ST51), which had been reported from elsewhere in Southeast Asia. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE? This is the first report of autochthonous melioidosis cases in inland Chinese PLADs. Surveillance and prevention and control work should be strengthened in this region.