Abstract
We describe a novel method for computing dense 3D myocardial motion with high accuracy in four-dimensional (4D) echocardiography (3 dimensions spatial plus time). The method is based on a classic variational optical flow technique but exploits modern developments in optical flow research to utilize the full capabilities of 4D echocardiography. Using a variety of metrics, we present an in-depth performance evaluation of the method on synthetic, phantom, and intraoperative 4D transesophageal echocardiographic data. When compared with state-of-the-art optical flow and speckle tracking techniques currently found in 4D echocardiography, the method we present shows notable improvements in error rates. We believe the performance improvements shown can have a positive impact when the method is used as input for various applications, such as strain computation, biomechanical modeling, and automated diagnostics.