Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is considerable controversy about the treatment of complex, displaced proximal humeral fractures. Various types of head-preserving osteosynthesis have been suggested. This prospective case series was designed to evaluate the perioperative and early postoperative complications associated with fixed-angle implants and to record outcome after bone healing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fractures of the proximal humerus were stabilized surgically in 87 patients (mean age 64 (16-93) years) by application of a fixed-angle plate (65 PHILOS, 22 T-LCP). There were 34 2-segment fractures, 42 3-segment fractures, and 11 4-segment fractures, including 7 dislocation fractures. Follow-up assessment after a minimum of 12 months was based on the Constant, UCLA, and DASH scores and on radiographs. RESULTS: Postoperative complications included soft tissue problems (n = 9), humeral head necrosis (n = 9), screw perforation (n = 11), secondary displacements (n = 14), and delayed fracture healing (n = 4). Treatment outcomes recorded on the various scores were very good in 60-82% of the cases. INTERPRETATION: Screw perforation of fixed-angle implants has replaced the complications of secondary displacement and implant loosening after using conventional plates. Even with the use of fixed-angle implants, fractures of the proximal humerus are associated with a high complication rate and sometimes poor outcome.