Abstract
A new species, Cyphocarpusperennis sp. nov., endemic to the Andes of the Atacama Desert of Chile is here described. Based on new nrDNA ITS sequence data, phylogenetic analyses place this novel species as sister to the remaining species of the genus. Cyphocarpusperennis presents unique characters within the genus, such as a perennial habit and a compact leafy rosette. A detailed description, distribution map, insights about its habitat, conservation status, photographs and an updated key to Cyphocarpus are provided. As for most species found in the Atacama Region, mining activities and climate change represent a major threat for its conservation.