Abstract
[Purpose] The present study aimed to analyze and compare the activity profile and physiological responses of amateur football referees during competitive matches of high school and college students. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty referees (high school, 15; college, 15) were included in this study. The total distance covered, movement speed, and heart rate were measured using a global positioning system-enabled wireless heart rate monitor. The blood lactate concentration was measured immediately after the first and second half. [Results] College football referees covered a higher total distance than did their high school counterparts (7,547 m vs. 6,719 m). The maximal heart rate of college football referees was low in the first half alone, and the percentage of the heart rate within the "maximum" range was low throughout the game. [Conclusions] Refereeing imposes a significantly high physical load on the body while tracking player and ball movement. The present study suggests the need for developing and distributing physical training programs tailored for refereeing.