Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate (99m)technetium-three polyethylene glycol spacers-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid ((99m)Tc-3PRGD(2)) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) imaging for diagnosing lymph node metastasis of primary malignant lung neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 26 patients with primary malignant lung tumors who underwent (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT/CT and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging. Both imaging methods were analyzed in qualitative (visual dichotomous and 5-point grades for lymph nodes and lung tumors, respectively) and semi-quantitative (maximum tissue-to-background radioactive count) manners for the lymph nodes and lung tumors. The performance of the differentiation of lymph nodes with and without metastasis was determined at the per-lymph node station and per-patient levels using histopathological results as the reference standard. RESULTS: Total 42 stations had metastatic lymph nodes and 136 stations had benign lymph nodes. The differences between metastatic and benign lymph nodes in the visual qualitative and semiquantitative analyses of (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT/CT and (18)F-FDG PET/CT were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the semi-quantitative analysis of (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT/CT was 0.908 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.851-0.966), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.86 (36/42), 0.88 (120/136), 0.69 (36/52), and 0.95 (120/126), respectively. Among the 26 patients (including two patients each with two lung tumors), 15 had pathologically confirmed lymph node metastasis. The difference between primary lung lesions in patients with and without lymph node metastasis was statistically significant only in the semi-quantitative analysis of (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT/CT (P = 0.007), with an AUC of 0.807 (95% CI, 0.641-0.974). CONCLUSION: (99m)Tc-3PRGD(2) SPECT/CT imaging may notably perform in the direct diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of primary malignant lung tumors and indirectly predict the presence of lymph node metastasis through uptake in the primary lesions.