Abstract
BACKGROUND: The motorcycle is often used in recurring travel between locations, dense traffic, poor conditioned roads and thus the repetitive loading on the musculoskeletal system of the rider leads to risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders. This study was aimed to examine the biomechanical response of the L-4 lumbar spine while riding the motorcycle on the speed hump at 20 km/h. METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) model of the L-4 lumbar spine was reconstructed based on the CT scan data obtained from the subjects. Material properties of the L-4 lumbar spine were assumed to be isotropic and homogenous. Mesh convergence and sensitivity analyses were performed and validated before simulation. Static and dynamic analyses were accomplished using quasi-static and steady-state dynamic analyses. RESULTS: Static analysis results show that the highest stress concentrations were found around the pedicle and spinal canal. It is an expected commonplace for injuries because of loading. The dynamic simulation results showed the major resonance of the L-4 lumbar spine model is about 8-40 Hz. The stress, displacement, velocity, and acceleration value declines beyond 40 Hz as the frequency increases. CONCLUSIONS: The simulation specifies the symmetric and unsymmetrical distributions of vibration magnitude regions of the lumbar spine. This study provides the modelling of the lumbar spine (L-4) and validated the effect of overloading failure as well as identified the biomechanical behaviour.