Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations are the third most prevalent mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), following the 19del and L858R mutations. The unique nature of the EGFR ex20ins mutation poses challenges for the effectiveness of first- and second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). As a result, chemotherapy remains the primary and more effective treatment approach. However, with advancements in time and technology, numerous experimental studies have revealed the potential of novel drugs and therapies to have stronger inhibitory effects on EGFR ex20ins mutations. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the current treatment landscape, recent advancements, and the prospects for patients with advanced NSCLC characterized by EGFR ex20ins mutations.