Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the most common chronic vascular disease involving the whole brain. Great progress has been made in clinical imaging, pathological mechanism, and treatment of CSVD, but many problems remain. Clarifying the current research dilemmas and future development direction of CSVD can provide new ideas for both basic and clinical research. In this review, the risk factors, biological markers, pathological mechanisms, and the treatment of CSVD will be systematically illustrated to provide the current research status of CSVD. The future development direction of CSVD will be elucidated by summarizing the research difficulties.