Abstract
The concurrent occurrence and exacerbation of multiple diseases, including geriatric diseases and chronic diseases, impose a heavy burden on human health and medical expenses. Clarifying the common mechanisms of related multifarious diseases and developing preventive and therapeutic strategies with synergistic effects for multiple diseases are of great significance in alleviating the burden on the medical system and reducing patients' burden of drug metabolism. Recent studies have revealed that gut microbiota disorders and intestinal barrier damage, which consequently cause metabolic and immunological disorders, may be a common pathological basis underlying various intestinal-related diseases. In this review, we focus on the intestinal barrier function, summarizing the multi-target interactions and common mechanisms involved in diseases related to the gut such as ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes. We identified gut microbe-based strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, as well as potential targets in faecal microbiota transplant and berberine. The common mechanisms and key targets in the treatment of these diseases mainly include increasing the abundance of beneficial genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, increasing the levels of Short Chain Fatty Acids, restoring the intestinal mechanical barrier, and suppressing gut inflammation infiltration. We aim to provide a crucial basis and direction for the development of novel drugs with therapeutic effects for multiple diseases, thereby alleviating the patients' burden of medication and enhancing the efficacy of treatment.