Abstract
This narrative review delves into the complex and intricate mechanisms of the gut-brain axis. Gut microbiota has gained immense importance in the treatment of various diseases. The therapeutic potential of gut-microbial modulation is slowly coming to light. With good preclinical evidence, some human studies shed light on the translation potential of gut-microbial modulation. The concept of gut-microbial modulation has been studied for over a few decades. The relationship between gut microbiota and various homeostatic mechanisms is fascinating. Over the years, we have started understanding the immense role of gut microbiota in various homeostatic mechanisms. There are a good number of clinical studies that have shown the therapeutic potential of gut-microbial modulation in obesity and psychological diseases, especially depression and anxiety. The gut-microbial modulation can be achieved by dietary factors or supplementation. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics alter the gut-brain axis. The review limits its discussion to the most recent clinical studies that have shown promise as therapeutic strategies.