Abstract
Electromagnetic stirring (EMS) has become one of the most important branches of the electromagnetic processing of materials. However, a deep understanding of the influence of the EMS on the thermo-fluid flow of the aluminium alloy melt, and consequently the refinement of the microstructure is still not available. This paper investigated the influence of the operating parameters of EMS on the magnetohydrodynamics, temperature field, flow field, and the vortex-shaped structure of the melt as well as the microstructure of the aluminium alloy 2A50 billet by numerical simulation and experiments. The operating parameters were categorised into three groups representing high, medium, and low levels of Lorentz forces generated by EMS. The numerical simulation matched well with the experimental result. It was found that a high level of EMS can improve the uniformity of the temperature and flow fields. The maximum speed was observed at the radius of around 25 mm under all EMS levels. Both the depth and diameter of the vortex-shaped structure generated increased with the enhancement in the EMS level. The average grain size of the edge sample of the billet was reduced by 48.3% while the average shape factor was increased by 51.0% under the medium-level EMS.