Abstract
A new species of Parvixerocomus, P. matheranensis belonging to Boletoideae of Boletaceae is described and illustrated from tropical region of Maharashtra, India. P. matheranensis is morphologically distinguished by small basidiomes having ruby red pileus with concolorous stipe, yellow hymenophore that stains blue to blackish blue on bruising, elongate ellipsoid to cylindrical basidiospores with inconspicuous suprahilar depression, ventricose to clavate cheilocystidia, ventricose to lageniform pleurocystidia. Further, extensive phylogenetic analyses based on five gene markers (nrITS, nrLSU, rpb1, rpb2, tef1-α) confirmed that P. matheranensis is distinct from its closest taxa P. aokii and P. pseudoaokii and also from other members of Boletoideae.