Abstract
Loosely associated material (LAM) was isolated by gentle extraction procedures from the cell surface of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris E8 and its phage-resistant variant strain 398. LAM from both strains was chemically characterized, and its role in the adsorption of three small isometric bacteriophages, phi 618, phi 833, and phi 852, to the cell surface of the two strains was investigated. The phage-resistant strain (strain 398) produced LAM which differed significantly from the material produced by the parent strain. The total yield of LAM from strain 398 was two- to threefold higher than that from strain E8, and the material contained fivefold more rhamnose and twofold more galactose. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis showed that LAM from strain 398 lacked a 21-kDa protein which was present in LAM from the parent strain. Inhibition studies of phage binding by using isolated LAM from two strains showed that although LAM from strain E8 reduced the titer of phi 618 and phi 852 by 53 and 82% respectively, LAM from strain 398 had no effect on the plaque-forming ability of any of the three phages tested. Treatment of LAM from strain E8 with sodium metaperiodate destroyed its ability to bind with phi 618 and phi 852. Phenotypically, strain 398 differed from its parent strain E8 in that it was more prone to cell lysis and required an osmotically adjusted buffer system for the extraction of LAM.