Abstract
Male infertility remains a struggle to definitively diagnose and treat with many men labelled as "idiopathic infertility" and eventually requiring assisted reproductive techniques. Along those lines, research groups are continuing to explore current social and environmental factors, including the obesity epidemic, and their effects on male fertility potential. Novel biomarkers of natural fertility status and azoospermia etiology have additionally seen recent attention with ACRV1 and TEX101/ECM1 assays either currently or soon to be commercially available. Despite these advancements, however, medical treatment options have seen little progress. Though surgical therapies have similarly seen little transformation, groups are exploring the use of testicular sperm for couples with elevated sperm DNA fragmentation and either planned or previously failed IVF/ICSI. Concerted collaborative efforts will be needed as we move forward to better understand the challenges men face when struggling to conceive.