Abstract
Hybrid SERS configurations, which combine manufactured metallic chips with nanoparticles, have emerged as powerful and promising SERS substrates because they not only provide cost-effective and high-yield manufacture, but also demonstrate excellent sensitivity and outstanding reproducibility. Herein, a plasmonic hybrid structure, a particle on an Au film over nanoparticles (particle-AuFON) configuration, was studied for SERS application. In a previous study, we constructed a hybrid substrate by grafting Au@Ag core-shell NPs onto the AuFON structure. In this study, the hybrid substrate is designed and simulated to optimize electromagnetic enhancement while also affording exceptional uniformity, repeatability and stability, which are essential factors in SERS applications. This hybrid substrate provides good SERS performance with a detection limit of 1 × 10(-10) M, which is 100-fold improvement compared to AuFON substrate or Au@Ag NPs. The excellent signal enhancement originates from the hotspot improvement and densification, as visualized by the FDTD calculations. Additional hotspots were created at the gaps between the Au@Ag NPs and the AuFON, thus improving the density of hotspots. Moreover, the intensity of the hotspots was improved due to EM coupling between the original hotspots and additional hotspots. To validate the feasibility of this hybrid substrate in SERS-based detection, melamine was detected as an example. The detection limit was 10 nM, which was much lower than the maximum limit of melamine in infant formula (1 ppm) legislated by the governments of both the United States and China. A calibration curve was plotted between the SERS intensity and melamine concentration with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. This hybrid SERS substrate shows great potential in SERS-based sensing and imaging, as it provides high sensitivity and outstanding reproducibility with a simple fabrication procedure, facilitating the cost-effective and high-yield manufacture of SERS substrates.