Abstract
The discovery of the default mode network (DMN), a large-scale brain network that is suppressed during attention-demanding tasks, had major impact in neuroscience. This network exhibits an antagonistic relationship with attention-related networks. A better understanding of the processes underlying modulation of DMN is imperative, as this network is compromised in several neurological diseases. Cholinergic neuromodulation is one of the major regulatory networks for attention, and studies suggest a role in regulation of the DMN. In this study, we unilaterally activated the right basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and observed decreased right intra-hemispheric and interhemispheric FC in the default mode like network (DMLN). Our findings provide critical insights into the interplay between cholinergic neuromodulation and DMLN, demonstrate that differential effects can be exerted between the two hemispheres by unilateral stimulation, and open windows for further studies involving directed modulations of DMN in treatments for diseases demonstrating compromised DMN activity.