Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to characterize the effects of concomitant gradients (CGs) on chemical shift encoded (CSE)-based estimation of B(0) field map, proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and R2*. THEORY: A theoretical framework was used to determine the effects of CG-induced phase errors on CSE-MRI data. METHODS: Simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo experiments were conducted at 3 Tesla to assess the effects of CGs on quantitative CSE-MRI techniques. Correction of phase errors attributable to CGs was also investigated to determine whether these effects could be removed. RESULTS: Phase errors attributed to CGs introduce errors in the estimation of B(0) field map, PDFF, and R2*. Phantom and in vivo experiments demonstrated that CGs can introduce estimation errors greater than 30 Hz in the B(0) field map, 10% in PDFF, and 16 s(-1) in R2*, 16 cm off isocenter. However, CG phase correction before parameter estimation was able to reduce estimation errors to less than 10 Hz in the B(0) field map, 1% in PDFF, and 2 s(-1) in R2*. CONCLUSION: CG effects can impact CSE-MRI, leading to inaccurate estimation of B(0) field map, PDFF, and R2*. However, correction for phase errors caused by CGs improve the accuracy of quantitative parameters estimated from CSE-MRI acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 78:730-738, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.