Abstract
Vaccines are one of the greatest medical achievements of modern medicine. The nasal mucosa represents an effective route of vaccination for both mucosal immunity and peripheral, being at the same time an inductive and effector site of immunity. In this paper, the innovative and patented compositions and manufacturing procedures of nanomaterials have been studied using the peerreviewed research literature. Nanomaterials have several properties that make them unique as adjuvant for vaccines. Nanoadjuvants through the influence of antigen availability over time affect the immune response. Namely, the amount of antigen reaching the immune system or its release over prolonged periods of time can be effectively increased by nanoadjuvants. Mucosal vaccines are an interesting alternative for immunization of diseases in which pathogens access the body through these epithelia. Nanometric adjuvants are not only a viable approach to improve the efficacy of nasal vaccines but in most of the cases they represent the core of the intellectual property related to the innovative vaccine.