Abstract
BACKGROUND: Liquid embolic systems (LES) such as n-butyl cyanoacrylate-based TRUFILL(®) and ethylene vinyl-alcohol copolymer-based Onyx(TM) are widely used for the embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). The purpose of this study was to compare hospital cost and length of stay (LOS) among unruptured bAVM patients undergoing embolization procedures with TRUFILL versus Onyx LES. METHODS: Adult patients with unruptured bAVMs undergoing endovascular embolization with TRUFILL or Onyx LES between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2020 were identified from the Premier Healthcare Database. Baseline covariates among the two groups were balanced using propensity score matching. Outcomes including total procedure cost, supply cost, and LOS were examined. A Generalized Estimating Equation model was used to assess outcomes in the matched cohorts. RESULTS: A total of 1072 patients were included in the study; 140 embolized with TRUFILL (mean age 47.06 [15.72] years, 45.70% male) and 932 embolized with Onyx (mean age 46.80 [16.65] years, 52.30% male). In the post-match cohort, the total procedure costs were lower for the TRUFILL (n = 130) versus Onyx (n = 333) group, though not significantly ($36,798 vs. $40,988; odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-1.10; p = 0.30). However, supply cost was significantly lower for hospitalizations with TRUFILL compared to Onyx use ($13,281 vs. $16,371, OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98; p = 0.026). Hospital LOS was similar in these two groups (TRUFILL: 4.05 vs. Onyx: 4.06 days; OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.42; p = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: In a large, multi-center, real-world sample of patients undergoing bAVM embolization, TRUFILL use was associated with significantly lower supply cost compared to Onyx use.