Abstract
Membrane fractions were obtained from peas roots by using a method that permitted the isolation of a fraction rich in relatively intact dictyosome stacks. No chemical fixatives were used. The method involved incubation of the roots with cellulase, followed by gentle homogenization and sucrose-density-gradient fractionation of the homogenate. The fractions were characterized by electron microscopy. All fractions were enzymically active in incorporating glucose from UDP-glucose into water-insoluble glycolipids containing both single glucose residues and glucose oligosaccharides. Some or all of the linkages of glucose to lipid were through phosphate esters. A substance containing glucose oligosaccharides attached to or very strongly adsorbed on to protein was also formed. The membrane fractions also incorporated glucose from UDP-glucose into alkali-soluble and alkali-insoluble beta-glucans, which like the oligosaccharides contained beta(1leads to 3) and beta-(1leads to4) linkages. The distribution of the enzymic activities and the chemical properties of the lipid-linked and protein-linked oligosaccharides suggest that they may be intermediates in beta-glucan synthesis. The synthetic activity is associated with smooth-membrane vesicles which may be derived from the plasma membrane.