Abstract
In this paper, the Stille coupling reaction was used to prepare four donor⁻acceptor⁻donor (D⁻A⁻D) type monomers. For this purpose, 2,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl) quinoxaline was used as the acceptor unit, and thiophene derivatives (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, or EDOT; 3-methoxythiophene, or MOTh; 3-methylthiophene, or MTh; and thiophene, or Th) were used as the donor units. The monomers were polymerized to the corresponding polymers by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) or potentiostatic method. The band gaps and the adsorption profiles of the polymers were finely tuned with the incorporation of the different thiophene units. All four polymers have low band gaps, and switched between the colored neutral states and the highly transmissive oxidized state. We were successfully able to obtain the valuable neutral colors of cyan, green, blue, and violet for the polymers employing EDOT, MOTh, MTh, and Th as the donor unit, respectively. Furthermore, electrochromic kinetic investigations showed that all four polymers displayed excellent optical contrasts (ΔT%), fast switching times, high coloration efficiencies, and robust stabilities, indicating that these four polymers are probably promising choices for developing electrochromic devices.