Abstract
Systemic agents including immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and targeted therapies play a critical role in the management of bladder cancer. Novel localized delivery mechanisms for existing systemic agents explore solutions to improve treatment response without compromising safety. Herein, we review the contemporary innovations in modern intravesical agents, hyperthermic drug delivery, reverse-thermal gels, nanocarriers, gene therapy, and subcutaneous therapies.