Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of serous carcinoma: the concept of low- and high-grade disease and the role of the fallopian tube

In the past 50 years, the concept of serous ovarian cancer has been progressively refined, with the distinction of the borderline serous tumour, identification of a smaller subset of well-differentiated serous malignancies and, recently, closer attention to the pathogenesis of high-grade serous malignancies. High-grade serous carcinoma, traditionally presumed to arise within Müllerian inclusion cysts of the ovarian surface, cortex and peritoneum, has recently been linked to the distal fallopian tube. This review addresses the disparate forms of serous neoplasia, which reflect both different genetic abnormalities and stages of differentiation of Müllerian epithelium. The significance of these different origins is addressed in the context of ovarian cancer prevention.