Abstract
B cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common leukemia occurring in children and young adults and is the leading cause of cancer related deaths. The 5 year overall survival outcome in children with B-ALL has improved significantly in the last few decades. In the past, the discovery of various genetic alterations and targeted therapy have played a major role in decreasing disease-related deaths. In addition, numerous advances in the pathogenesis of B-ALL have been found which have provided better understanding of the genes involved in disease biology with respect to diagnostic and prognostic implications. Present review will summarize current understanding of risk stratification, genetic factors including cytogenetics in diagnosis and prognosis of B-ALL.