Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Real-time Dental Training and Evaluation System (RDTES) and Virtual Simulation System (VSS) with the Traditional Head-Simulator (THS) method in teaching molar preparation for metal-ceramic crowns in preclinical dental education. METHODS: Undergraduate students were divided into four groups: No Additional Training (NAT), THS, RDTES, and VSS. The primary outcomes measured were artificial and machine scoring of tooth preparations, with additional anonymous surveys assessing student feedback. RESULTS: Both RDTES and VSS groups demonstrated significantly higher tooth preparation scores compared to the NAT group, with RDTES showing superior performance in machine scan scoring. Linear regression analysis revealed a clear positive correlation between scoring and scoring improvement for both artificial and machine assessments. Student surveys indicated RDTES was rated higher in accuracy, feedback quality, skill improvement, and teaching effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: RDTES and VSS significantly enhance students' mastery of molar tooth preparation, with RDTES providing more precise guidance on tooth preparation volume. These systems show broad application prospects and development potential in dental education.