Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies have rigorously evaluated whether providing biologically based health-risk feedback is more effective than standard interventions in increasing smokers' motivation to quit and their long-term abstinence. DESIGN: An RCT was conducted from 2005 to 2008. Data were analyzed in 2008. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Smokers (N=536) were recruited from the community, regardless of their interest in quitting smoking. INTERVENTION: Smokers either received brief ( approximately 20 minutes), personally tailored counseling sessions based on their lung functioning, carbon monoxide (CO) exposure, and smoking-related health conditions, or they received generic smoking-risk information and personalized counseling about their diet, BMI, and physical activity. All were advised to quit smoking and were offered access to a free phone-counseling program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment utilization and abstinence at 6 and 12 months post-intervention. RESULTS: Participants who received the experimental treatment demonstrated no greater motivation to quit, use of treatment services, or abstinence compared to controls at either follow-up assessment. In fact, controls reported greater motivation to quit at 12 months (M 3.42 vs 3.20, p=0.03), greater use of pharmacotherapy at 6 months (37.8% vs 28.0%, p=0.02), and greater 30-day point prevalent abstinence at 6 months, after controlling for relevant covariates (10.8% vs 6.4%, adjusted p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The present study found no support for adding a personalized health-risk assessment emphasizing lung health and CO exposure to generic cessation advice and counseling for community-based smokers not otherwise seeking treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00169260.