Abstract
Obesity management is complex; medications must be used in conjunction with behavioural changes and monitoring by health professionals. Injectable drugs for weight management include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (e.g. liraglutide, semaglutide) and dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g. tirzepatide). These drugs contribute to weight loss by mimicking the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP to reduce appetite, change food enjoyment, slow stomach emptying and stimulate insulin release. Regaining weight is common when these drugs are stopped, so they usually need to be continued long term. Relatively minor gastrointestinal issues are common. There is also a small but real risk of more serious adverse effects, including gallstones and pancreatitis. It is important to monitor mental health, as these drugs can change a patient's relationship with food, and they may be misused by those without obesity.