Abstract
OCT4A is well established as a master transcription factor for pluripotent stem cell (PSC) self-renewal and a pioneer factor for initiating somatic cell reprogramming, yet its presence and functionality in somatic cancer cells remain controversial and obscure. By combining the CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing with highly specific PCR assays, highly sensitive immunoassays, and mass spectrometry, we provide unequivocal evidence here that full-length authentic OCT4A transcripts and proteins were both present in somatic cancer cells, and OCT4A proteins were heterogeneously expressed in the whole cell population and when expressed, they are predominantly localized in cell nucleus. Despite their extremely low abundance (approximately three orders of magnitude lower than in PSCs), OCT4A proteins bound to the promoter/enhancer regions of the AP-1 transcription factor subunit c-FOS gene and critically regulated its transcription. Knocking out OCT4A in somatic cancer cells led to dramatic reduction of the c-FOS protein level, aberrant AP-1 signaling, dampened self-renewal capacity, deficient cell migration that were associated with cell growth retardation in vitro and in vivo, and their enhanced sensitivity to anticancer drugs. Taken together, we resolve the long-standing controversy and uncertainty in the field, and reveal a fundamental role of OCT4A protein in regulating FOS/AP-1 signaling-centered genes that mediate the adhesion, migration, and propagation of somatic cancer cells.