Abstract
Per/polysulfide species that are generated from endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide have critical regulatory roles in a wide range of cellular processes. However, the lack of delivery systems that enable controlled and sustained release of these unstable species in biological systems hinders the advancement of sulfide biology research, as well as the translation of knowledge to therapeutic applications. Here, a novel approach is developed to generate per/polysulfide species in cells by combining an H(2) S donor and manganese porphyrin-containing polymeric micelles (MnPMCs) that catalyze oxidization of H(2) S to per/polysulfide species. MnPMCs serve as a catalyst for H(2) S oxidation in aerobic phosphate buffer. HPLC-MS/MS analysis reveals that H(2) S oxidation by MnPMCs in the presence of glutathione results in the formation of glutathione-SnH (n = 2 and 3). Furthermore, co-treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with the H(2) S donor anethole dithiolethione and MnPMCs increases intracellular per/polysulfide levels and induces a proangiogenic response. Co-delivery of MnPMCs and an H(2) S donor is a promising approach for controlled delivery of polysulfides for therapeutic applications.