Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between pre-pregnancy subclinical insulin resistance and cardiovascular dysfunction in healthy nulliparous women, and with hypertension in subsequent pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a single center prospective observational study conducted November 2011-June 2014. Healthy nulliparous women underwent detailed cardiovascular and metabolic assessment. Insulin resistance was determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Associations of HOMA-IR with metabolic and cardiovascular measurements were assessed with Spearman correlations. Charts were reviewed in women who conceived singleton pregnancies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Metabolic measurements included serum glucose, insulin, creatinine, CRP, and lipids. HOMA-IR was calculated using fasting serum insulin and glucose. Indices of cardiovascular stiffness were determined from pulse wave velocity and response to volume challenge. Pregnancy outcomes included delivery mode and gestational age, birthweight, and hypertension. RESULTS: HOMA-IR was positively associated with BMI (r = 0.462, p < 0.001), body fat percentile (r = 0.463, p < 0.001), CRP (r = 0.364, p = 0.003), and negatively associated with serum HDL (r = -0.38, p = 0.002) and creatinine (r = -0.242, p = 0.049). HOMA-IR was positively associated with blood pressure (r = 0.347, p = 0.004), resting heart rate (r = 0.433, p = <0.001), response to volume challenge (r = 0.325, p < 0.01). Increased HOMA-IR was associated with a faster cardiac ejection time in response to volume challenge (r = -0.415, p < 0.001), which is a marker of decreased cardiac compliance to volume increase, or cardiac stiffness. CONCLUSION: HOMA-IR is associated with pre-pregnancy cardiac stiffness. Cholesterol was not associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. A non-significant trend was observed between HOMA-IR and hypertension in subsequent pregnancy.