Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has posed a serious threat to global public health. Vaccination may be the most effective way to prevent and control the spread of the virus. The safety of vaccines is the focus of preclinical research, and the repeated dose toxicity test is the key safety test to evaluate the vaccine before clinical trials. The purpose of this study was (i) to observe the toxicity and severity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cells) in rodent Sprague Dawley rats after multiple intramuscular injections under the premise of Good Laboratory Practice principles and (ii) to provide a basis for the formulation of a clinical trial scheme. The results showed that all animals in the experimental group were in good condition, no regular changes related to the vaccine were found in the detection of various toxicological indexes, and no noticeable stimulating reaction related to the vaccine was found in the injected local tissues. The neutralizing antibodies in the low- and high-dose vaccine groups began to appear 14 days after the last administration. In the negative control group, no neutralizing antibodies were observed from the administration period to the recovery period. Therefore, the repeated administration toxicity test of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cells) in Sprague Dawley rats showed no obvious toxic reaction. It was preliminarily confirmed that the vaccine can stimulate production of neutralizing antibodies and is safe in Sprague Dawley rats.