Abstract
Primary cancer of the ileum is rare, and when it occurs in conjunction with primary colon cancer, it becomes even more infrequent and challenging to diagnose prior to surgical intervention. Primary small bowel cancers can be overlooked and may be misidentified as small bowel mesenchymal tumours or advanced metastases from colon cancer. We present an exceedingly uncommon case of ruptured primary ileal cancer combined with primary descending colon cancer presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding. Based on our understanding, instances of dual tumours concurrently occurring are exceedingly infrequent. In this patient, there was a preoperative suspicion of bleeding from colon cancer in the descending region. However, intraoperative exploration revealed that the location of the bleeding was a terminal ileal mass. Following the surgical intervention, the patient recovered satisfactorily. Intraoperative exploration of the entire gastrointestinal tract is therefore necessary in patients with gastrointestinal haemorrhage, especially in those who require urgent surgery without adequate preoperative investigations. If a mass is detected at the end of the ileum, intraoperative pathology should be performed if feasible. Subsequently, if the diagnosis reveals an adenocarcinoma, terminal ileocolic resection and right hemicolectomy are necessary for appropriate resection.