Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has been proven to be a major breakthrough in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Up to now, neoadjuvant therapy using ICI are rare. However, in the context of cancer immunotherapy, neoadjuvant treatment may offer an extra advantage. In this review, we will disscuss the existing preclinical data and emerging clinical findings in the neoadjuvant setting and its potential mechanism of action. We will also highlight the potential damage and the questions that are required to be answered.