Abstract
Background and objective Lung cancer is the leading form of cancer in terms of both incidence and cancer-related deaths. For patients with resectable IIIa/N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), guidelines in and abroad recommend multidisciplinary team treatment, including surgery and chemotherapy, radiotherapy or other comprehensive treatment. Newly published evidences prove that neoadjuvant therapy can improve outcomes of NSCLC patients significantly, with advangtages in tolerability and compliance medication. Neoadjuvant therapy has been adopted mainly in locally advanced NSCLC, especially in stages IIIa/N2 patients, and chemotherapy of 2-4 cycles has become the basic pattern. Neoadjuvant therapy does not increase the concomitant complications of chemotherapy and surgery. However, challenges still exist in determining subsequent surgical timing, approach and extent of resection.