Abstract
Nuclear-penetrating anti-DNA autoantibodies have therapeutic potential as delivery agents and in targeting DNA and the DNA damage response (DDR). Derivatives of such Abs have advanced to human testing in genetic disease and are in preparation for oncology clinical trials. DNA release associated with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contributes to immunity, inflammation, and the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. The DDR contributes to mechanisms of NETosis, and we hypothesize that anti-DNA autoantibodies that localize into live cell nuclei and inhibit DNA repair will suppress release of NETs by activated neutrophils. In the current study we evaluated the impact of a nuclear-penetrating anti-DNA autoantibody that interferes with the DDR on decondensation and release of DNA and NETs by activated human granulocyte-like differentiated PLB-985 cells and neutrophils isolated from C57BL/6 mice. The response of cells pretreated with control or autoantibody to subsequent stimulators of NETosis, including PMA and the calcium ionophore ionomycin, was evaluated by DAPI and SYTOX Green stains, measurement of DNA release, analysis of histone citrullination by Western blot, or visualization of NETs by immunostaining and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Autoantibody treatment of the cells yielded significant inhibition of NADPH oxidase-dependent and independent NETosis. These findings establish the concept of nuclear-penetrating anti-DNA autoantibodies as modulators of neutrophil biology with potential for use in strategies to suppress NETosis.