Abstract
Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are effective in reducing the stroke risk for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation if prescribed at the labeled dose, yet underdosing is frequent. Little is known about clinician knowledge and patient or clinician preferences for DOAC dosing. Methods and Results From April 2019 to March 2020, 240 clinicians and 343 patients with atrial fibrillation completed an assessment of anticoagulation knowledge/preferences. Clinician knowledge of DOAC dosing was tested with 4 hypothetical patient scenarios. Patients and clinicians were asked to grade the importance of 25 factors in anticoagulation decision making. Among clinicians, the median age was 55 years, and 23% were primary care clinicians. In scenarios of a patient indicated for full-dose DOAC, 41.2% of clinicians underdosed apixaban and 17.6% underdosed rivaroxaban. In scenarios of a patient indicated for reduced-dose DOAC, 64.6% and 71.7% of clinicians chose to use reduced-dose apixaban and rivaroxaban, respectively. Only 35.0% of clinicians correctly answered all 4 scenarios with the label-indicated dose; this knowledge gap was similar between clinicians who did and did not underdose. Among patients with atrial fibrillation, the median age was 65 years, and 89% were currently anticoagulated. Patients and clinicians ranked stroke prevention and avoiding severe bleeding as very important to anticoagulation decision making. Patients were more likely than clinicians to rank the ability to reduce anticoagulation dose if needed as very important (70.5% versus 43.6%; P<0.001). Conclusions There are considerable knowledge gaps regarding DOAC dosing in clinicians treating patients with atrial fibrillation, as well as significant differences in treatment dosing preferences between clinicians and patients.