Abstract
Diaphanosoma has been called "tropical Daphnia" for its strong ecological role in tropical freshwater as Daphnia in temperate waters. The present study sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genome (MG) of Diaphanosoma dubium. The MG of Diaphanosoma dubium is 16,362 bp in length, with typical metazoan gene composition. Phylogenetic analysis confirms an earlier finding that Neodiaphanosoma can be separated from Diaphanosoma as a subgenera. One unknown extra CDS region and different arrangement of tRNA were identified when this MG was compared to that of Daphnia magna. This is the first non-daphnia MG of Cladocera, and information on MG sequence and tRNA order provide valuable molecular data in understanding phylogeny of Diaphanosoma and Cladocera.