Abstract
The signaling switch of β2-adrenergic and μ(1) -opioid receptors from stimulatory G-protein (G(αs) ) to inhibitory G-protein (G(αi) ) (and vice versa) influences adenylyl cyclase (AC) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation. Post-translational modifications, including dephosphorylation of G(αs) , enhance opioid receptor coupling to G(αs) . In the present study, we substituted the Ser/Thr residues of G(αs) at the α3/β5 and α4/β6 loops aiming to study the role of G(αs) lacking Ser/Thr phosphorylation with respect to AC sensitization and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Isoproterenol increased the cAMP concentration (EC(50) = 22.8 ± 3.4 μm) in G(αs) -transfected S49 cyc- cells but not in nontransfected cells. However, there was no significant difference between the G(αs) -wild-type (wt) and mutants. Morphine (10 μm) inhibited AC activity more efficiently in cyc- compared to G(αs) -wt introduced cells (P < 0.05); however, we did not find a notable difference between G(αs) -wt and mutants. Interestingly, G(αs) -wt transfected cells showed more sensitization with respect to AC after chronic morphine compared to nontransfected cells (101 ± 12% versus 34 ± 6%; P < 0.001); μ1-opioid receptor interacted with G(αs) , and both co-immunoprecipitated after chronic morphine exposure. Furthermore, mutation of T270A and S272A (P < 0.01), as well as T270A, S272A and S261A (P < 0.05), in α3/β5, resulted in a higher level of AC supersensitization. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was rapidly induced by isoproterenol (by 9.5 ± 2.4-fold) and morphine (22 ± 2.2-fold) in G(αs) -transfected cells; mutations of α3/β5 and α4/β6 did not affect the pattern or extent of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. The findings of the present study show that G(αs) interacts with the μ1-opioid receptor, and the Ser/Thr mutation to Ala at the α3/β5 loop of G(αs) enhances morphine-induced AC sensitization. In addition, G(αs) was required for the rapid phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by isoproterenol but not morphine.