Abstract
Enterprises in the context of smart manufacturing face great challenges in terms of human capital strategies as well as incentive mechanisms. Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) is one of the key incentive mechanisms with long-term oriented function, but due to the lack of relevant explanations in the context of smart manufacturing, the mechanism of the dynamic impact of ESOPs on corporate performance has not yet been elucidated. In this study, with the idea of combining AI and accounting, we constructed a prediction model of the impact of ESOPs on enterprise performance that integrates language modeling and social sentiment mass data analysis, and introduced the prediction model to analyze the long-term, dynamic and nonlinear impact of ESOPs on enterprises; finally, we constructed an explainable AI (XAI) based on the LSTM model, and used the SHAP value method to explain the impact of ESOPs on enterprise performance. Finally, the Explainable AI (XAI) is built based on the LSTM model, and the SHAP value method is used to downsize the performance of the complex black box model LSTM, present the model "black box", and analyze the common roles played by the elements of ESOPs, the maturity level of smart manufacturing, and the social sentiment on ESOPs in the long term and nonlinear process. Aiming at the above research problems and shortcomings, the main contributions of this paper include: analyzing the dynamic evolution path of ESOP effectiveness from the perspective of intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises; predicting the ESOP effectiveness of enterprises through multi-source heterogeneous data (financial data, social sentiment data, operation data) and advanced AI models (LSTM, LLM), and proposing new prediction tools and prediction theories; using XAI technology to realize ESOP effectiveness; and using XAI technology to realize ESOP effectiveness in the long term and non-linear process. Theory; the use of XAI technology to achieve ESOP incentive effect attribution analysis, for management accounting decision support to provide a new dimension of interpretation, which can be used as a research on ESOP dynamic incentive evaluation, integration of non-financial information, predictive analysis of new perspectives for the field of accounting to develop a new research direction, and for the transformation of intelligent manufacturing design and optimization of ESOP to provide empirical data basis and decision support. The study also provides empirical data basis and decision support for the design and optimization of ESOPs during the transformation of smart manufacturing.