Abstract
Background: Mutations in embB gene have been reported in ethambutol (EMB) resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) isolates. The aim of this study was survey on embB 306 and 406 EMB resistant M. tuberculosis isolated from patients in West of Iran (2014-2015). Methods: Fifty strains of M. tuberculosis from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were considered. Drug susceptibility using proportional method was performed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -DNA sequencing was applied for mutation in embB 306 and 406 codon detection. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 software using descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test (p<0.05). Results: In this study 7 (14%) M. tuberculosis isolates were resistant to EMB. 6 (85.71%) and 1 (14.28%) resistant isolates had embB 306 and 304 codon mutations, respectively. Between embB306 mutations and resistance to EMB and MDR isolates had a significant relationship (p<0.001). Conclusion: The data indicated that embB 306 mutations have effect on EMB resistant. Detection of EMB resistant and these mutations prominent for antibiotic prescription.