Abstract
RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine received a favorable scientific opinion from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in July 2015. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the pilot introduction of this vaccine in children aged 5 months or older using a vaccination schedule which included 3 initial doses separated by at least 1 month and a 4(th) dose administered 15-18 months after the 3(rd) dose. Clinical trials and mathematical models showed that the partial protection against malaria conferred by vaccine RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccine could have a substantial impact on public health if the vaccine was used in association with other control measures for malaria, in particular in highly endemic areas. The most significant impact was observed in children aged 5 months or older who received 4 doses of RTS,S/AS01. Vaccine effectiveness will then be evaluated under real-life conditions in order to determine its impact on mortality, its safety in the context of routine immunization and the feasibility of implementing the 4-dose vaccination schedule requiring new immunization contacts. If successful, this would pave the way for larger-scale implementation.