Sequential Isolation of Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava and Right Superior Vena Cava Using Pulsed-field Ablation with a Pentaspline Catheter for Recurrent Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Pulsed-field ablation (PFA) is a novel technology for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation that can deliver energy precisely with a lower risk of damage to the surrounding organs. Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a congenital variant that can act as a driver of AF, and its isolation may be required in recurrent persistent AF. We describe a case where PFA was used for isolation of the right superior vena cava, PLSVC, and posterior wall of the left atrium.