Abstract
Anaerobic digestate, a nutrient rich by-product of the biogas industry, is frequently applied to agricultural land as a fertiliser. However, nitrogen losses from its application negatively impact air and water quality. Therefore, methods are needed to reduce these losses. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of applying digestate with glycerol, an organic carbon rich by-product of the biodiesel industry, on microbial nitrogen immobilisation and the soil microbial community. Soil was incubated with digestate, applied at a rate equivalent to 250 kg-N ha(-1), in a laboratory experiment over 50 days with glycerol additions at either 0, 12, 24 or 36 kg-C m(3) of digestate. The addition of glycerol resulted in significantly higher microbial biomass carbon and increased the relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria. The 24 and 36 kg-C m(3) doses of glycerol resulted in similarly greater and longer lasting effect on microbial biomass carbon, indicating that beyond 24 kg-C m(3) digestate that nitrogen (or other essential nutrients) became the limiting factor for microbial growth instead of carbon. Soil available nitrogen decreased throughout the study and remained at lower concentrations in glycerol treatments than the digestate only treatment by the end of the study. These results demonstrate that glycerol has the potential to reduce nitrogen losses from digestate application by immobilising nitrogen in the microbial biomass. Therefore, the co-application of digestate and glycerol to soil is a potential mechanism for the biogas and biofuel industries to valorise their respective by-products. Further research is needed to verify that this method is viable under field conditions.