Tendinitis repair remains challenging due to the limited self-renewal capacity of tenocytes and persistent inflammatory microenvironment. Conventional therapies remain limited by systemic drug toxicity and fail to coordinate immunomodulation with matrix remodeling. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles have demonstrated tissue repair potential owing to their unique bioactive components and exceptional cross-species compatibility. Nevertheless, their therapeutic role in tendon matrix regeneration remains underexplored. Here, we developed a grapefruit-derived exosome-loaded microneedle patch (MN@GF-Exos) to synergistically restored tendon structure and functions. Grapefruit-derived exosomes (GF-Exos) were loaded into dissolvable hyaluronic acid microneedles (MNs) for sustained release. GF-Exos reversed oxidative stress in tenocytes, enhancing cellular proliferation and migration, restoring collagen I synthesis, and polarizing macrophages toward M2-repair phenotypes. Transcriptomics revealed GF-Exos modulated cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, suppressing inflammation-related pathways and activating ECM organization genes. In collagenase-induced tendinopathy mice, MN@GF-Exos enhanced gait recovery and extracellular matrix remodeling. Histology confirmed reduced fibrosis without ectopic ossification. Systemic safety was validated by unchanged organ histology and within-normal-limits serum biomarkers. This dual-functional system leverages plant exosomes' multi-component synergy and MN's spatiotemporal control, offering a translatable strategy for chronic tendon regeneration.
Restoration of tendon repair microenvironment by grapefruit exosome-loaded microneedle system for tendinopathy therapy.
阅读:2
作者:Zhang Yuan, Zhang Ruiyang, Zhang Ti, Mu Yuhao, Juma Talante, Li Xu, Li Hao, Guo Quanyi, Cao Yongping
期刊: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology | 影响因子: | 4.800 |
时间: | 2025 | 起止号: | 2025 Jul 28; 13:1615650 |
doi: | 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1615650 |
特别声明
1、本文转载旨在传播信息,不代表本网站观点,亦不对其内容的真实性承担责任。
2、其他媒体、网站或个人若从本网站转载使用,必须保留本网站注明的“来源”,并自行承担包括版权在内的相关法律责任。
3、如作者不希望本文被转载,或需洽谈转载稿费等事宜,请及时与本网站联系。
4、此外,如需投稿,也可通过邮箱info@biocloudy.com与我们取得联系。